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--- dk:danish_signalling [2022/08/08 08:51] – [Other systems] kris
+++ dk:danish_signalling [2024/10/15 12:42] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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+====== Danish Railway Signalling ======
+All information in this article is general, and exceptions exist for most, if not all statements on this page.
+The current rules in Denmark were made in 1975. All rules for trains on the national network are covered by three rule books:
+  - SR75
+  - SIN
+  - TIB
+  - ATC brief ((ATC-instruks))
+  - Operator's briefs ((Operatørens instrukser))
+//More info to be added, clarifying the relations between the rule books//
+===== Basic principles =====
+{{ dk:banedanmark:signals:kor_igennem_-_signal_6.6.2.png?40|}}{{ dk:banedanmark:signals:kor_-_signal_6.5.1_lang.png?40|}}{{ dk:banedanmark:signals:stop_-_signal_6.2.1_lang.png?40|}}
+=== Signals ===
+Danish signals are in principle extremely simple. There are three [[signal aspects|aspects]]: Stop, proceed, and proceed, expect proceed. Everything else is built on top of these simple aspects.
+For more information, go to [[dk:main_signals|Danish Signalling]] detailed page.
+=== Stations ===
+Danish signalling works with stations and lines (outside stations). Special signals and rules govern stations, while lineside signalling outside stations is simpler.
+Stations are locations which take part in train movements. ((SR75 §2.2.1)) In other words, a station is equipped with at least one station entry signal, although many stations also have [[switches]] and other signals. A station does not have to have passenger facilities - and some locations with platforms are not part of stations.
+The station limit is always the station entry signal (I-signal). From the I-signal, routes can be set to enter the station, usually ending at a platform.
+To exit the station the permission can be given either verbally, or via signals (as not all stations have exit signals). At the platform, most stations have so-called PU-signals which mark the start of the exit route. The exit route ends at the exit signal (U-signal), which is technically part of the lineside signalling system outside the station.
+=== Lineside ===
+Stations are connected by track segments. Only trains are allowed to pass track segments, not [[shunting]] movements. There may be passenger facilities and sidings, but no station entry signals (I-signal). There is not much else to say about this.
+==== Safety systems ====
+To prevent speeding passing signals without permission, Denmark has implemented [[DK-ATC|ATC (Automatic Train Control)]], from Siemens ZUB 123. ATC stops a train if it goes too fast, and if it passes a signal without permission. In theory ATC eliminates the risk of accidents. Simplified versions of ATC exist for cheaper installation.
+Nationwide implementation of [[:dictionary#e|ETCS]] is underway, expected to be finished by 2030.
+Copenhagen suburban trains (S-tog) have used a different system called HKT (HastighedsKontrol og Togstop, speed control and stop). This offers a continuous stream of information to the train and shorter blocks without the need for more signals.
+Network-wide implementation of [[:dictionary#c|CBTC]] has been finished as of September 2022.
+==== Other systems ====
+Aarhus Letbane uses a mixture of BOStrab and 2/3-aspect signals along with signs from BOStrab and SR75. The safety system is a very basic version of ETCS Level 1. [[dk:aarhus_letbane|See more.]]
+Copenhagen Metro uses a special ATC((No relation to the mainline ATC)) system for automatic operation on lines M1 and M2, while M3 and M4 use a different system for the same purpose.